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Bibliografía - inglés

Teaching the Spanish trill to L1 English speakers using ultrasound instruction: a preliminary study on pronunciation pedagogy

María del Puy Ciriza, Ahmed Rivera-Campos (2020)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 7.1

It has been argued that a learner’s L1 articulatory tendency to produce an American English “retroflex” tongue shape as opposed to a “bunched” one can facilitate Spanish trill acquisition. This is because the American English retroflex is articulated by moving the tongue apex towards the alveolar ridge, while the “bunched” articulation is produced by moving the tongue apex down in the opposite direction to the trill. This study examines this articulatory hypothesis by analyzing the tongue shape of two anglophone learners of Spanish. Ultrasound visualization was employed to create individual lessons centered on: (a) each learner’s type of tongue-shape errors and (b) conducive tongue gestures for trill production. The results illustrate that the participant who presented articulatory tendencies similar to retroflex-like articulations did not show as much improvement as the participant who initially produced a bunched tongue shape. The present study concludes that trill production is affected more by the difficulties associated with motoric learning than with transference of primary language (L1) articulatory tendencies per se.

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Se ha argumentado que la tendencia articulatoria a producir una rótica “retrofleja” en inglés estadounidense en lugar de una “bunched” puede facilitar la adquisición de la /r/ del español. Esto es debido a que la rótica “retrofleja” en inglés estadounidense se articula moviendo la punta de la lengua hacia la región alveolar mientras que en la “bunched” el ápice de la lengua se mueve hacia abajo, el cual es un movimiento contrario al de la /r/ del español. Se examina esta hipótesis articulatoria por medio de un análisis de los movimientos de la lengua de dos aprendices de español anglohablantes. La visualización por ultrasonido se empleó para crear lecciones individualizadas centradas en: (a) los errores en la forma de la lengua de cada participante, así como (b) gestos de lengua propicios para la producción de la vibrante. Los resultados ilustran que el participante que presentó tendencias articulatorias similares a las de una lengua “bunched” mostró mejores resultados después de la instrucción que el participante que produjo una vibrante con la lengua retrofleja. El estudio concluye que la producción de vibrantes se ve afectada más por las dificultades relacionadas con el control motor que por la transferencia de las tendencias articulatorias de la L1 per se.

Teaching World Languages for Specific Purposes

Diana M. Ruggiero (2022)

Learner-centered practical strategies, models, and resources for the development of world languages for specific purposes curriculum.

The world today is changing, and college-level language departments are rethinking and revamping their vision and curricular offerings as a result. The field of world languages for specific purposes (WLSP) presents a solution to these challenges, helping students develop language skills and intercultural competencies as they focus on content-based professional areas such as business, law, and medicine. As demand for these courses grows, teachers and administrators seek research-based information on how to develop and teach WLSP curricula. This book bridges theory and practice, inviting scholars, educators, students, and professionals of all areas of world language specialization to create new opportunities for their students.

Teaching World Languages for Specific Purposes provides practical strategies, models, and resources for developing WLSP curricula through a learner-centered approach grounded in empathy and compassion. Author Diana M. Ruggiero begins with an overview of the scholarship and purpose of WLSP, providing a firm foundation for teachers. She then guides teachers through each key step of WLSP pedagogy, from course development to formative assessment of students. Along the way, Ruggiero addresses important topics such as language interpretation, culture, the needs of heritage learners, and the role of community service learning (CSL) in WLSP. Included in the conversation are new considerations for WLSP and CSL in the wake of COVID-19. Resources for further curriculum development, models for assignments and assessments, sample lesson plans and lesson planning materials, and much more are available in the appendixes, making this a rich resource for all world languages educators.

Team teaching in languages: a scoping review of approaches and practices in higher education

Inma Álvarez, Mara Fuertes Gutiérrez, Matilde Gallardo Barbarroja (2023)

En Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching

Texto completo

This paper aims at understanding the extent to which languages are taught collaboratively in higher education (HE), which team teaching (TT) models have been implemented, and what lessons were learnt from the experiences. Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework [2005. “Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 (1): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616], a scoping review was conducted to map TT practices in HE language classrooms around the world. The review uses narrative analysis to describe those practices and provides an overview of the settings in which the studies were undertaken, the characteristics and models of TT applied, the outcomes and recommendations as well as the implications for practice in relation to language teaching and learning in HE. The results reveal that TT in this context is currently fluid, experimental, innovative and non-traditional, and therefore it is rather an ad-hoc strategy which is mostly practised to enrich teachers’ professional development or to enhance students’ language learning experience and cultural understanding. This study offers a comprehensive global picture of a collaborative experimental teaching practice in HE using a scoping review approach rare in the field of language teaching and learning but critical for identifying innovative practices.

Technology and Language Teaching

Ursula Stickler (2022)

This Element is a practical guide for language teachers intending to upgrade their online teaching. During the COVID-19 pandemic many teachers were forced to move their teaching online without proper preparation and support. This has led to frustration and stress, and sometimes decisions based not on sound pedagogy but on technological constraints, requirements and opportunities. To balance this negative experience, a research-based, pedagogy-focussed approach has been taken in this volume: step-by-step, teachers are shown how to make decisions about the choice and usage of online tools, how to adapt their pedagogy and teaching strategies to fit with online learning environments, and how to create a positive learning experience for their students. In six sections this Element takes teachers from epistemological considerations to learning theories, from teacher-centred to learner-centred online tuition, and from technological needs to pedagogic choice, ending with suggestions on how to future-proof language teaching.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Knowledge, Language and Learning
Pedagogy, Fostering Online Language Learning
Practicalities of Online Language Teaching
Why Does It Work?
Future-Proofing our Language Teaching

Glossary
Platforms, Apps, and Tools
References.

Technology as Pharmakon: The Promise and Perils of the Internet for Foreign Language Education

Richard Kern (2014)

En Modern Language Journal 98

Globalization and networking technologies have transformed the contexts, means, and uses of foreign language learning. The Internet offers a vast array of texts, ?lms, music, news, information, pedagogical resources, sounds, and images from around the world as well as unprecedented opportunities for direct communication with native speakers in real time. However, the very technology that delivers the sematerials and interactions can produce subtle mediational effects that can influence how learners evaluate and interpret them. Focusing first on technological mediation broadly, and then on the specific ccontext of desktop videoconferencing in a telecollaboration project, this article outlines the benefits and the potential pitfalls that computer mediation presents for the learning of languages and cultures. Specific attention is given to the question of what it means to mediate the foreign culture through interfaces that are familiar from one’s home culture. The principal argument is that the dynamics ofonline language learning call for a relational pedagogy that focuses on how medium and context interact with language use. The goal of such an approach is to expose students to a broader scope of symbolic inquiry, to connect present text-making practices with those of the past, and to foster a critical perspective that will prepare young people to understand and shape future language and literacy practices.

Técnicas de escritura en español y géneros textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish

Javier Muñoz-Basols, Yolanda Pérez Sinusía (2021)

Técnicas de escritura en español y géneros textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish es la primera publicación concebida para desarrollar y perfeccionar la expresión escrita en español a partir de una metodología basada en géneros textuales. Cada capítulo se ocupa de un género y está diseñado para guiar al escritor en la planificación, el desarrollo y la revisión de textos.

Las novedades de esta segunda edición incluyen: un cuestionario sobre la escritura, listados con objetivos y prácticas escritas, nuevos materiales y actividades, repertorios de vocabulario temático, ejercicios de corrección gramatical y estilo, ampliación de las respuestas modelo y diferentes rutas para la escritura.

Contenidos

Índice
Introducción

Cuestionario: "Aprendiendo a escribir"

1. El texto narrativo (Narrative writing)
Los textos narrativos de carácter no literario
Los textos narrativos literarios
Características del texto narrativo (el espacio, el tiempo, el punto de vista y el narrador, los personajes, la acción)
La intertextualidad
La fase de creación
Vocabulario temático: contexto, contenido y estilo de una obra literaria
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
Los tiempos del pasado
El discurso directo e indirecto
Expresiones idiomáticas sobre personajes de la historia y de la cultura
Términos para abordar el análisis de una obra literaria

2. El texto descriptivo (Descriptive writing)
La descripción y su contexto
La posición del adjetivo (I)
La posición del adjetivo (II): adjetivos antepuestos y pospuestos que cambian de significado
La descripción en los textos no literarios
La descripción en los textos literarios
Vocbulario temático: describir (personas, sensaciones, lugares, cuadros e imágenes)
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
La posición del adjetivo y su significado
Adjetivos antepuestos y pospuestos
Figuras retóricas de la descripción (retrato, etopeya, caricatura, hipotiposis, topografía y écfrasis)

3. El texto expositivo (Expository writing)
La planificación del texto expositivo
La estructura general del texto expositivo: la introducción y la conclusión
La estructura interna del texto expositivo: el párrafo
Características del texto expositivo
Estrategias discursivas para elaborar textos expositivos
Vocabulario temático: exponer información
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
Expresiones útiles para introducir la información
Coherencia, cohesión y adecuación
Cómo evitar los verbos comodín (tener, poner, decir)
Expresiones para ejemplificar, comparar y contrastar, hacer una corrección, reformular y aclarar, poner énfasis, expresar certeza, duda, acuerdo y desacuerdo

4. El texto argumentativo (Argumentative writing)
La introducción de los textos argumentativos
Tipos de argumentos
La conclusión de los textos argumentativos
El proceso de la argumentación
Rasgos lingüísticos del texto argumentativo. La escritura académica y el estilo
Vocabulario temático: argumentar y contraargumentar
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
Marcadores discursivos y expresiones útiles para argumentar
Proverbios y refranes
Cómo evitar los verbos comodín (hacer, haber, dar)
Verbos para expresar un punto de vista o poner énfasis
Expresiones para introducir un tema, argumentar, contraargumentar y concluir

5. El texto periodístico (Journalistic writing)
Características y objetivos de la noticia
El titular y el subtítulo
La entradilla y el cuerpo de la noticia
El lenguaje de la prensa
Los géneros periodísticos
Géneros periodísticos de carácter objetivo: el reportaje y la entrevista
Géneros periodísticos de carácter subjetivo: la crítica, el artículo y la columna de opinión
Vocabulario temático: los medios de comunicación y la tecnología
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
La voz pasiva
Vocabulario relacionado con el cine y el espectáculo
Sustantivos, verbos y colocaciones léxicas para escribir sobre los medios de comunicación

6. El texto publicitario (The language of advertising)
Los elementos de la comunicación en la publicidad
Los tópicos y estereotipos en la publicidad
El significado del texto publicitario: lo implícito y lo explícito
Tipos de argumentos publicitarios
La publicidad comercial y la institucional
El formato del texto publicitario
Otros rasgos del texto publicitario
Las marcas publicitarias y el lenguaje metafórico
Vocabulario temático: el mensaje, el formato y el producto
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
El imperativo
El lenguaje metafórico
Términos y expresiones para describir y analizar el lenguaje de un anuncio o una campaña publicitaria

7. El texto jurídico y administrativo (Legal and administrative documents)
La estructura del texto jurídico y administrativo (la circular, el acta, el certificado, el contrato, la instancia, la demanda, la sentencia, la ley)
Características de los textos jurídicos y administrativos
Otros textos administrativos (I): las cartas comerciales
Otros textos administrativos (II): el currículum vitae, la carta de presentación y la carta de recomendación
Vocabulario temático: derecho, entorno laboral y formación académica
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
Expresiones del ámbito administrativo
Expresiones y frases hechas para la correspondencia comercial
Latinismos
Sustantivos, verbos y colocaciones léxicas para escribir sobre entornos laborales

8. El texto científico-técnico (Scientific and technical writing)
Características generales del texto científico-técnico
Los textos técnicos o especializados
Los textos de divulgación científica
Vocabulario temático: salud, medio ambiente, economía y ciencia
Actividades de corrección y estilo

Gramática y léxico
Vocabulario especializado de varios campos semánticos
Prefijos y sufijos de origen griego y latino
Extranjerismos de uso común
Términos para escribir sobre disciplinas técnicas y científicas

9. Consejos adicionales para escribir correctamente (Revising, refining and proofreading)
El diario de aprendizaje, el borrador y la revisión
La precisión en el uso del lenguaje
La acentuación y la ortografía
La puntuación
Tipos de diccionarios y otros recursos para la escritura
Marcadores discursivos y expresiones útiles
Las 10 reglas de oro del buen escritor

Gramática y léxico
Ortografía, acentuación y puntuación
Cómo utilizar varios tipos de diccionarios
Colocaciones léxicas y locuciones de uso común
Tabla de marcadores discursivos

Soluciones

Bibliografía

Ten things polyglots do differently

Lýdia Machová (2017)

There seems to be a gap between the way polyglots learn languages and the way they are taught in most language courses. Why is that? And what exactly makes polyglots’ ways of learning languages different?

Lýdia’s mission as a language mentor is to help people learn languages more effectively by applying learning strategies that polyglots use. In this talk, she provides a few insights on where the methods of polyglots and of foreign language teachers seem to differ. She’s helped thousands of Slovaks change their approach to learning foreign languages by applying polyglots’ principles in practice.

Testing Aptitude: Investigating Meara’s (2005) LLAMA tests

Vivienne Rogers, Paul Meara, Rachel Aspinall, Louise Fallon, Thomas Goss, Emily Keey, Rosa Thomas (2016)

En EUROSLA Yearbook 16

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Paul Meara developed the LLAMA tests as a free, language-neutral, user-friendly suite of aptitude tests incorporating four separate elements: vocabulary learning (LLAMA_B), phonetic (implicit) memory (LLAMA_D), sound-symbol correspondence (LLAMA_E) and grammatical inferencing (LLAMA_F) based on the standardised MLAT tests (Carroll & Sapon, 1959). Recently, they have become increasingly popular in L2 acquisition research. However, Meara has expressed concern about the wide use of these tests without validity testing. We investigated several areas relating to the LLAMA tests. 1. What is the role of gender in LLAMA test performance? 2. Are the LLAMA tests language neutral? 3. What is the role of age? 4. What is the role of formal education qualifications? 5. Does playing logic puzzles affect LLAMA scores? 6. What difference would changing the test timings make to scores?229 participants from a range of language backgrounds, aged 10-75 with various education levels, typologically distinct L1s, and varying levels of multilingualism were tested. A subset of participants was also tested with varying timings for the tests. The results showed that the LLAMA tests are gender and language neutral. The younger learners (10-11s) performed significantly worse than the adults in the sound/symbol correspondence task (LLAMA_E). Formal education qualifications show a significant advantage in 3 of the LLAMA subcomponents (B, E, F) but not the implicit measure (LLAMA_D). Playing logic puzzles did not improve LLAMA test scores. The timings appear to be optimal apart from LLAMA_F, which could be shortened.

The Acquisition of Heritage Languages

Silvina Montrul (2022)

Heritage speakers are native speakers of a minority language they learn at home, but due to socio-political pressure from the majority language spoken in their community, their heritage language does not fully develop. In the last decade, the acquisition of heritage languages has become a central focus of study within linguistics and applied linguistics. This work centres on the grammatical development of the heritage language and the language learning trajectory of heritage speakers, synthesizing recent experimental research. The Acquisition of Heritage Languages offers a global perspective, with a wealth of examples from heritage languages around the world. Written in an accessible style, this authoritative and up-to-date text is essential reading for professionals, students, and researchers of all levels working in the fields of sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, education, language policies and language teaching.

Contenidos
1. Introduction
2. Heritage languages and heritage speakers
3. The language of heritage speakers
4. The bilingual development of heritage speakers
5. Theoretical approaches
6. Methodological considerations
7. How native are heritage speakers?
8. Are heritage speakers like second language learners?
9. Implications.

The Biggest Myth In Education

Derek Alexander Muller (2021)

En Veritasium

Vídeo dedicado al tema de los estilos de aprendizaje. En él se revisan y desmontan las ideas en las que se apoya este concepto.

The effect of feedback timing on L2 Spanish vocabulary acquisition in synchronous computer-mediated communication

Carly Henderson (2019)

En Language Teaching Research 25 - 2

The benefits of corrective feedback (CF) for second language (L2) learning are empirically attested, and multiple factors mediating CF effectiveness have been investigated. However, the timing of oral CF has received less attention given most research examines corrections provided immediately after an error. Delayed CF also warrants investigation; it occurs naturally in L2 classrooms and may be an appealing alternative in online learning contexts. Existing CF timing research shows either no significant differences between immediate and delayed CF, or advantages for immediate CF. To elucidate mixed findings, more CF timing studies are needed, especially those considering the effects of factors such as CF type, linguistic target and communication mode. Regarding communication mode, the effect of CF timing on errors made during text-based synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC), for instance, has received less attention. Examining text-based SCMC is important given its empirically attested benefits for L2 learning, and in some cases its advantage over face-to-face interaction for fostering CF effectiveness. Investigating the role of CF timing on errors made in text-based SCMC will contribute to efforts to maximize CF effectiveness in online learning environments, which are becoming increasingly common. In this study, 30 third-year learners of Spanish as a foreign language completed a one-way information-gap task with an interlocutor using Skype text-chat. On vocabulary errors, learners received either immediate or delayed error repetition plus recast, or no CF. Results revealed both CF groups significantly outperformed the comparison group on an oral picture description task, with no significant differences between immediate and delayed CF. Results may be due to the salience of the CF modality, type, and target.

The effect of integrating Kahoot! and peer instruction in the Spanish flipped classroom: the student perspective

Cristina González Ruiz (2021)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 8.1

In recent years, the use of Student Response System (SRS) technology in higher education settings has gained popularity as research demonstrates its effectiveness in achieving desired outcomes, especially when paired with peer interaction. This article explores students’ perceptions of integrating the Game-based Student Response System (GSRS) Kahoot! in two Spanish flipped classrooms, supported by the Peer Instruction (PI) technique, at a university in Singapore. Adopting an action research approach, quantitative and qualitative data from 32 undergraduates were gathered through a questionnaire. The findings revealed that students perceived the use of Kahoot! to be beneficial in terms of: (1) increasing engagement and motivation to learn; (2) improving the understanding of concepts; and (3) contributing to a positive learning environment. Moreover, students found that PI, in particular, contributed to deepening their grammatical and pragmatic knowledge of Spanish. Implications that may be useful to language teachers are also presented.

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En años recientes, el uso de tecnologías de Sistema de Respuesta del Estudiante (SRE) en entornos de educación superior ha ganado popularidad por la efectividad mostrada para lograr los resultados deseados, especialmente, cuando se combina con la interacción entre pares. Este artículo explora las percepciones de los estudiantes a raíz de la integración del Sistema de Respuesta del Estudiante basado en Juegos (SREJ) Kahoot! en dos clases de aula invertida de español como lengua extranjera o segunda (ELE/EL2), apoyado por la técnica de Instrucción entre Pares (IP), en una universidad de Singapur. Mediante un enfoque de investigación-acción, se recopilaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos de 32 estudiantes universitarios mediante un cuestionario. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes percibieron el uso de Kahoot! beneficioso para: (1) aumentar el compromiso y la motivación para aprender; (2) mejorar la comprensión conceptual; y (3) contribuir a crear un ambiente positivo de aprendizaje. Además, los estudiantes encontraron que la instrucción entre pares en particular contribuyó a profundizar su conocimiento gramatical y pragmático del español. Se presentan también algunas implicaciones que pueden ser útiles para docentes de lenguas.

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The effect of textual glosses on L2 vocabulary acquisition: A meta-analysis

Chao Zhang, Rong Ma (2024)

En Language Teaching Research 28 - 3

Texto completo

Despite the growing interest in incorporating textual glosses into second language (L2) reading in hypermedia and paper media, no agreements have been reached as to whether and what extent a textual gloss facilitates L2 learners’ vocabulary acquisition in hypermedia and paper media. The present study meta-analysed the overall effects of textual glosses and different glossing types (i.e. language, location, and mode) on L2 vocabulary acquisition, as well as the moderation effects on the variability of L2 vocabulary acquisition effect sizes. Based on a comprehensive search, 20 studies involving 2,291 participants that have quantitatively documented the changes of L2 vocabulary gains through a pre-and-post textual glosses design were identified and coded in order to retrieve moderator variables. The results show the following: (1) textual glossing has a medium effect on L2 vocabulary acquisition; (2) the effect of textual glosses on L2 vocabulary acquisition persists over time; (3) glossing location and glossing mode significantly impact the effect of textual glosses on L2 vocabulary acquisition but glossing language has no definite effect; and (4) outcome measure is the only moderator variable among the three influencing factors on vocabulary acquisition. These results are further discussed with reference to existing studies and theory of second language acquisition.

The effectiveness of second-language listening strategy instruction: A meta-analysis

Mohammadreza Dalman, Luke Plonsky (2025)

En Language Teaching Research 29 - 3

Research on the effects of second language (L2) listening strategy instruction (SI) has gained momentum in recent years (e.g. Vandergrift & Tafaghodtari, 2010). However, the reported results have been inconclusive and varied across studies. Synthesizing the results of quantitative research in this domain, the present meta-analysis sought to determine the overall effectiveness of L2 listening SI as well as to examine the extent to which the effectiveness of instruction is likely to vary as a function of a set of potential moderators (i.e. learning contexts, treatment types, methodological variables, and outcome measures). A comprehensive search identified 45 primary studies, contributing data from 51 independent samples on the effects of SI on L2 listening comprehension. The aggregated findings indicate a medium effect of listening SI (d = 0.69). These effects were also found to vary as a function of several moderator variables. Based on the obtained findings, L2 teachers are recommended to incorporate listening SI into L2 curricula. Pedagogical suggestions and directions for future research are provided in our discussion.

The effects of explicit instruction on written accent mark usage in basic and intermediate Spanish heritage language courses

Antoni Fernández Parera, Andrew Lynch (2021)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 8.1

This study measured the impact of explicit instruction on accent usage in the written production of Spanish heritage language (SHL) learners. 163 university students were divided into two types of basic—and intermediate—level SHL courses: one in which they received explicit instruction regarding accent marks (EI), and another in which they did not (non-EI). Findings suggest that the effectiveness of explicit instruction depends upon level of study and task type. In EI, the accuracy of first semester SHL students improved significantly, while their counterparts in non-EI course showed no appreciable gains. The case of intermediate-level learners, who had some prior formal study, was more variable. Although high-, mid-, and low-performing learners in second semester EI courses showed significant improvement in a dictation task (while their non-EI counterparts did not), performance on open-ended exam responses did not reflect significant improvement. In the analysis we consider task effects and within-group differences.

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El presente estudio evaluó el impacto de la instrucción explícita en el uso del acento ortográfico en la escritura de estudiantes de herencia hispanohablante. Un total de 163 estudiantes universitarios se dividieron en dos tipos de cursos de nivel básico e intermedio de español como lengua de herencia: uno en el que recibieron instrucción explícita (IE) sobre el uso del acento escrito y otro en el que no la recibieron (sin IE). Los resultados sugieren que el efecto de la instrucción explícita depende del nivel de estudio y del tipo de tarea. En las secciones con IE, la precisión de los estudiantes de español como lengua de herencia de primer semestre mejoró de modo significativo a lo largo del semestre, a diferencia de sus pares en las secciones sin IE quienes parecieron no mejorar. El caso de los estudiantes de nivel intermedio, quienes habían estudiado la lengua previamente, fue más variable. Aunque los estudiantes de alto, medio y bajo rendimiento en los cursos con IE de segundo semestre mostraron una mejora significativa en una tarea de dictado (a diferencia de sus pares en el curso sin IE), parecieron no mejorar en respuestas a preguntas abiertas. El análisis tiene en cuenta los efectos del tipo de tarea así como las diferencias dentro de los grupos.