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This Element is valuable and of interest not only for (Cognitive) Linguistics researchers and linguists, but most importantly, because it is much-needed, to language instructors and professionals looking for a comprehensive and innovative access to ACL from the direct point of view of applied L2 Language Pedagogy. There is a very strong demand for quality teaching materials and for guidelines on how these should look like or how they could be designed, as well as what educational technology tools can be used. This Element provides a theoretical approach, but it is always applied to teaching material design. There is also research evidence of arguments defended in its pages. The Element is of interest to linguists, researchers, graduate students, graduate student academic programs and teachers of L2 languages alike.

Texto completo

This guide is an exploration of ChatGPT for higher education, written with help from ChatGPT during the prewriting, writing and revising phases of this project. I reviewed, revised and edited this text. I verified the originality of this work through a plagiarism check on Grammarly, and I take responsibility for the content in this document. In writing this guide, I learned about writing with ChatGPT and what prompts ChatGPT to excel and what causes ChatGPT to generate less helpful text. The objectives and content of this guide are tailored to the areas of strength and for an audience of academics who are exploring and expanding their own use of ChatGPT.

This guide is neither a final nor definitive guide to ChatGPT for higher education. Please consider this guide as a starting point rather than a comprehensive guide to all uses of ChatGPT.

Let this be a demonstration of the capabilities of the latest generation of chatbot technology, bringing awareness of what is possible as AI-powered chatbot technology transforms university teaching and learning. It is designed to help you understand the potential benefits and limitations of using ChatGPT in higher education, and to equip you with the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions about how to use it in your own teaching, learning and beyond.

This guide will teach you:
1. How ChatGPT can help college students, educators and professionals with writing, communication and learning.

2. How to write effective prompts so ChatGPT can help.

3. Best practices for using ChatGPT in a responsible and ethical manner.

This book presents comprehensive, thorough and updated analyses of key cognitive individual difference factors (e.g., age, intelligence, language aptitude, working memory, metacognition, learning strategies, and anxiety) as they relate to the acquisition, processing, assessment, and pedagogy of second or foreign languages. Critical reviews and in-depth research syntheses of these pivotal cognitive learner factors are put into historical and broader contexts, drawing upon the multiple authors' extensive research experience, penetrating insights and unique perspectives spanning applied linguistics, teacher training, educational psychology, and cognitive science. The carefully crafted chapters provide essential course readings and valuable references for seasoned researchers and aspiring postgraduate students in the broad fields of instructed second language acquisition, foreign language training, teacher education, language pedagogy, educational psychology, and cognitive development.

Contenidos
Frontmatter
Acknowledgments
Contents

Foreword
Peter Skehan

1. SLA and Individual Differences: An Overview
Zhisheng (Edward) Wen and Richard L. Sparks

PART I: AGE, INTELLIGENCE, APTITUDE AND AFFECT
2. The Age Factor and the Critical Period Hypothesis
Adriana Biedron

3. Intelligence
Adriana Biedron

4. Foreign Language Aptitude
Adriana Biedron

5. Language Aptitude, Psychological and Affective Factors

Adriana Biedron

PART II: MEMORY, ATTENTION AND NOTICING
6. Phonological and Executive Working Memory
Zhisheng (Edward) Wen

7. Consciousness, Attention and Noticing
Zhisheng (Edward) Wen

PART III: LEARNING STRATEGIES, METACOGNITION AND SELF- REGULATION
8. Language Learning Strategies
Mark Feng Teng

9. Metacognition
Mark Feng Teng

10. Self-Regulation
Mark Feng Teng

PART IV: L2 SKILLS, LEARNING DIFFICULTIES, AND ANXIETY
11. L2 Reading and Writing Skills
Richard L. Sparks

12. L2 Learning Difficulties and Disabilities
Richard L. Sparks

13. L2 Anxiety: An Affective Factor or a Linguistic Variable?
Richard L. Sparks

EPILOGUE
14. Individual Differences in SLA–Looking Back and Looking Forward
Richard Sparks and Zhisheng (Edward) Wen

Author Profiles

Index

This article lies within the field of applied cognitive linguistics (ACL) and presents empirical work that addresses overlooked effects of assessment typology in second language (L2) learning. It examines whether pairing a cognitive instructional approach with matching assessment design results in greater learning outcomes over the more pervasive notional-functional approaches. The last two decades have witnessed a proliferation of empirical research measuring the effectiveness of ACL-based teaching approaches, yet studies have only been partly fruitful in eliciting data that truly favors ACL. We argue that this is largely due to assessment design, which typically measures performance via correct vs. incorrect tasks. To overcome this caveat, two studies addressing the complex Spanish psych-verb construction (e.g. gustar ‘to like’) were conducted following a pretest/posttest/delayed-posttest design for three empirical conditions (control, cognitive, and traditional): a pilot study (n = 59) and a larger replication (n = 160). Data collection entailed ACL-based assessment for interpretation and production tasks. Results showed that after instruction, the cognitive group significantly outperformed the traditional counterpart in both tasks. These findings lend support to the effectiveness of pairing cognitive instruction and cognitive assessment for difficult grammatical constructions.

El profesor y doctor Brian Tomlinson está considerado como uno de los mayores expertos mundiales en el desarrollo de materiales para el aprendizaje de lenguas. A lo largo de su vida ha trabajado como profesor, formador de profesores, redactor curricular y docente universitario en Japón, Indonesia, Nigeria, Singapur, el Reino Unido, Vanuatu y Zambia. También es fundador y presidente de la Asociación para el desarrollo de materiales (Materials Development Association, MATSDA), una organización internacional sin ánimo de lucro que reúne a investigadores, editores, redactores y docentes para colaborar conjuntamente en el desarrollo de materiales de calidad para el aprendizaje de lenguas.

El presente estudio de investigación recoge los datos y opiniones de profesionales dentro del campo del español como lengua de herencia en Alemania y de dos expertos sobre la existencia o falta de formación específica en la intersección existente entre la competencia comunicativa intercultural y la enseñanza del español como lengua de herencia. Primeramente, es necesario una contextualización del ELH en Alemania y unos conocimientos sobre diferentes modelos de competencia comunicativa intercultural. Seguidamente una primera fase de la investigación constituida por cuestionarios a profesionales del ELH en Alemania, una segunda fase de la investigación por entrevistas a profesionales del ELH en Alemania y se amplia la información con la entrevista a dos expertos: la Dra. Carmen Ramos Méndez-Sahlender y el Dr. Yeray González Plasencia, finalmente su triangulación.

Task-based research has investigated the learning opportunities (e.g. language related episodes) that emerge during heritage and second language learner interactions during writing tasks. However, to date, it is unknown how these peer interactions involving heritage language learners contribute to written texts. Further, given the rise of social technologies in educational settings, a need exists to examine how interactions in digital platforms affect the production of written texts. To address these issues, 13 heritage-second language learner and 16 heritage–heritage learner pairs enrolled in advanced Spanish content courses completed two distinct versions of writing tasks. Participants were instructed that they were hired as business consultants for clothing and cellphone companies in Spain. While each participant wrote her or his own version, the pairs had to interact to compose formal business letters in Spanish to the CEO of each company justifying the hiring (Task A) or laying off (Task B) of employees. The main results first revealed that heritage–heritage pairs produced more syntactically complex business letters, as evidenced by a greater ratio of syntactic subordination along with a minor trend of greater morphosyntactic accuracy. Second, synchronous computer-mediated communication interactions led to a higher production of syntactic coordination, especially for the heritage-second language pairs. Findings are discussed in light of the interplay between learner factors and task environment.